New laws requiring airguns to be licensed are due to come into force at the end of the year.
After December it will be an offence to have an air weapon without the required certificate or permit.
Those found guilty of breaching the new laws could face a fine or, in some cases, imprisonment of up to two years.
Owners will be able to apply to Police Scotland for a certificate or permit from July 1.
With an estimated 500,000 unlicensed air weapons in Scotland, police will also be running a campaign to allow people to surrender any unwanted airguns before licensing takes effect.
Justice Secretary Michael Matheson said: “This Government has a long-standing commitment to eradicating gun crime in Scotland and this new legislation will better protect our communities by taking these potentially lethal weapons out of the hands of those who would misuse them.
“Every day, police, the public and animal welfare groups have to face the results of air weapon misuse, from anti-social behaviour to horrific and deliberate injuries to wildlife, pets and very occasionally people.
“We are not banning air weapons outright, but ensuring that their use is properly regulated and users have a legitimate reason for them. We believe this legislation strikes the right balance between protecting communities and allowing legitimate shooting in a safe environment to continue.
“We will be publishing clear information on how air weapon owners can apply for a certificate or permit. I would encourage anybody with an air weapon to stay on the right side of the law by using the six months from 1 July to apply for the right to possess an air weapon.”
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